^ Müller, Lars Malsy, Victor Langer, Axel Kupferschmid, Indra (2009).17-More on Helvetica in the United States'. 'Post-War Type Marketing: A comparative study of three European type foundries during the 1950s and 1960s'. ^ ' 'Nouvelle Antique Haas' aka 'Neue Haas Grotesk' aka 'Helvetica' promotional, by Fritz Büler, Walter Bosshardt, 1959'.Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2011.
University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf. 'The Univers of Helvetica: A Tale of Two Typefaces'. 'Die alte Akzidenz-Grotesk auf neuer Basis' (PDF). 'A new basis for the old Akzidenz-Grotesk (English translation by Forgotten Shapes)' (PDF). Archived from the original on 30 April 2010. Soyuz Grotesk added a Latin script, which it reconstructed in the same way Sowjietische Haas Grotesk had been constructed from Helvetica but in reverse, by using the Cyrillic forms and adapting them to Latin.
Helvetica's strokes are typically cut either horizontally or vertically.Matthew Carter, who was a consultant for IBM during its design process, describes it as 'a Helvetica clone, based ostensibly on their Grots 215 and 216' (Monotype's old 1920s sans-serif family, popular in British trade printing in the metal type period, and itself based on the Bauer Venus-Grotesk family). Monotype's Arial, created for IBM and also used by Microsoft, is indistinguishable by most non-specialists. The Helvetica 77 variation is used in street and house signage in Riga and other municipalities in Latvia, although common road signage in the country uses a version of DIN 1451. In addition, the former state-owned operator of the British railway system developed its own Helvetica-based Rail Alphabet font, which was also adopted by the National Health Service and the British Airports Authority. Amtrak used the typeface on the 'pointless arrow' logo, and it was adopted by Danish railway company DSB for a time period. Helvetica is also used in the Washington Metro, the Chicago 'L', Philadelphia's SEPTA, and the Madrid Metro. The MTA system is still rife with a proliferation of Helvetica-like fonts, including Arial, in addition to some old signs in Medium Standard, and a few anomalous signs in Helvetica Narrow. From 1970 to 1989, the standard font was Standard Medium, an American release of Akzidenz-Grotesk, as defined by Unimark's New York City Transit Authority Graphic Standards Manual. New York City's Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) adopted Helvetica for use in signage in 1989. Helvetica is commonly used in transportation settings.